Author Instructions

Everything except the Licence to Publish is required at submission. The Licence is signed after acceptance. Files open in a new tab. Submit the completed files through the online submission system.

These limits apply to research articles. A Review Article follows the structure in item 15 and is not bound by the section limits above, but must not exceed 7,500 words in total, excluding the title page, references, tables and figure legends.

01  Authorship CriteriaThe journal applies the authorship criteria of the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE). Every person listed as an author must satisfy all four of the following:

• Substantial contributions to the conception or design of the work, or to the acquisition, analysis or interpretation of data for the work; and
• Drafting the work or reviewing it critically for important intellectual content; and
• Final approval of the version to be published; and
• Agreement to be accountable for all aspects of the work, ensuring that questions relating to the accuracy or integrity of any part of it are appropriately investigated and resolved.

Contributors who meet fewer than all four criteria must not be listed as authors; recognise them in the Acknowledgment instead. All authors must have sufficient access to the underlying data to take responsibility for the integrity and accuracy of the work. Decisions on who qualifies as an author, and on the order of the byline, rest with the author group, not with the editors. Where agreement cannot be reached, the institution at which the work was performed should be asked to investigate.

02  Originality and Concurrent SubmissionSubmission of a manuscript is taken as confirmation by all authors that the work is original, that it has not been published previously in any language, and that it is not under consideration by any other journal. Where any part of the work has appeared elsewhere — as a conference abstract, a thesis chapter, a preprint or an earlier report on the same dataset — disclose it in the cover letter and cite it in the manuscript. Reuse of your own previously published text must be quoted and cited in the same way as text by any other author.

03  Changes to Authorship After SubmissionThe author list is expected to be final at submission. Any request to add, remove or reorder authors thereafter must reach the editorial office in writing from the corresponding author, and must include the reason for the change together with signed agreement from every listed author and from the author being added or removed. Requests received after acceptance will delay publication; requests received after publication will be handled as a formal correction.

04  Responsibilities of the Corresponding AuthorThe corresponding author acts on behalf of all co-authors and is responsible for coordinating the submission, for confirming that every author has approved the final version, and for responding to editorial and reviewer queries promptly. The responsibility continues after publication: the corresponding author must remain contactable to respond to critiques of the work and to cooperate with any request from the journal for data or further information should questions arise about the published article.

05  Type of the PaperState the type of submission on the first page. The journal publishes six article types, and a template is provided for each in the submission pack above: Research Article, Review Article, Case Report, Methodological Paper, Database and Tools, and Letter to the Editor. The article type appears as a label on the published version.

06  Title of the ManuscriptProvide a concise, informative title that accurately reflects the content of the manuscript. Use title case and avoid abbreviations other than those universally recognised.

07  Running Title (Short Title)Supply a shortened form of the title. This appears as the running header on every page of the published article and is used for indexing.

08  Author InformationList each author’s full given name followed by the family name, in the order in which they are to be published. Initials in place of a given name are not permitted. An ORCID iD is mandatory for every author. Mark the corresponding author with an asterisk.The family name is used to generate the citation, so confirm that it is correctly identified for every author before submission.

09  AffiliationsUse superscript numbers to link each author to their affiliation. Give the department, institution, city, postal code, state or province and country in full.

10  Corresponding AuthorProvide the full name and a working email address for the corresponding author. An institutional address is strongly preferred. The corresponding author is responsible for overall coordination of the study and manuscript, for responding to reviewers and for final approval of the proof.

11  KeywordsSupply keywords relevant to the content of the manuscript to support indexing and discovery. Order them from the most specific to the most general.

12  Graphical AbstractWhere the article type calls for one, include a high-quality image summarising the study, with a caption of two to three sentences explaining the figure. Prepare it to the same resolution standard as all other figures.

13  Major Highlights of the ResearchProvide concise bullet points capturing the novelty and significance of the work. Each highlight should be a complete statement of a finding, not a description of what was done.

14  AbstractSubmit a single-paragraph abstract summarising the objectives, methods, key findings and conclusions of the study. The abstract must be self-contained: do not cite references, figures, tables or undefined abbreviations within it.

15  Manuscript Structure and Section NumberingNumber all first-level sections sequentially and use decimal numbering for subsections, for example 3.1, 3.2. The main text must follow this order:

• 1. Introduction — maximum 700 words
• 2. Materials and Methods — maximum 1200 words
• 3. Results — maximum 1500 words
• 4. Discussion — 600 to 700 words
• 5. Conclusion — up to 400 words
• 6. Disclosure Statements — see Section 7 of these guidelines
• 7. References

The order above applies to research articles. Results and Discussion are separate numbered sections, each with its own word limit. A Review Article is not bound by those section limits but must not exceed 7,500 words in total.

A Review Article is arranged differently: after the Introduction, the main text runs under numbered thematic sections of the authors’ own devising, then a Conclusion. Where the literature was selected systematically, describe the method in a numbered Methods section and supply the PRISMA checklist. Disclosure Statements and References are always the final two numbered sections, so their number varies with article type.

16  IntroductionPlace the study within a broader scientific context and explain its importance. Define the purpose of the work and its significance, review the current state of the field while citing key publications, and highlight any conflicting hypotheses where applicable. Conclude by stating the primary objective of the study. Write in a way that remains accessible to scientists outside your specific field.

17  Materials and MethodsProvide sufficient detail for others to replicate and build upon the published results. Submission implies that all materials, data, computer code and protocols associated with the study will be made available to readers; any restriction must be disclosed at submission. Describe novel methods in full and summarise established methods with citations. Name every software package used, with its version number where applicable, and state the parameters and models selected.

• Specify the repository and accession numbers for any deposited sequences or datasets.
• Where accession numbers are not available at submission, state that they will be supplied during review; they must be included before publication.
• For studies involving human or animal subjects, identify the approving authority and give the ethical approval code.
• State the date on which datasets were retrieved and the search criteria applied.

18  ResultsPresent the findings concisely and precisely, organised under decimal-numbered subsections where that aids clarity. Every figure and table must be cited in the text in the order in which it appears. Report the actual values obtained rather than describing them only in general terms, and reserve interpretation for the Discussion.

19  DiscussionInterpret the findings in the context of previous studies and the original hypotheses. Discuss the implications as broadly as the evidence allows, emphasising relevance to the field, and state the limitations of the study explicitly. Where appropriate, identify directions for future research.

20  ConclusionProvide a clear, concise synthesis of the key findings and their significance within the broader research field. Do not repeat text from earlier sections, introduce new results or cite references here.

21  Clinical Trial RegistrationAny manuscript reporting a clinical trial must give the trial registration number and the name of the registry in the abstract and in the Materials and Methods. The trial must have been registered prospectively, in a publicly accessible registry meeting WHO or ICMJE standards, at or before the time of first participant consent for enrolment. Retrospective registration does not satisfy this requirement, and manuscripts reporting unregistered or retrospectively registered trials will not be considered.

22  Reporting GuidelinesPrepare the manuscript in accordance with the reporting guideline appropriate to the study design, and submit the completed checklist as a supplementary file. The relevant guidelines include:

• CONSORT — randomised controlled trials
• PRISMA — systematic reviews and meta-analyses
• STROBE — observational studies
• STARD — diagnostic accuracy studies
• ARRIVE — research involving laboratory animals
• CARE — case reports
• TRIPOD+AI — development or validation of clinical prediction models, including those using machine learning
• CLAIM — artificial intelligence applied to medical imaging

Guidelines for other designs can be located through the EQUATOR Network. Where no guideline fits the study, describe the design in sufficient detail for a reader to judge its validity.

23  Consent to Publish Identifiable MaterialConsent to take part in a study and consent to publish identifiable material are separate requirements. Where a manuscript contains photographs, case details, pedigrees or any other material from which an individual could be identified, written consent to publication must be obtained from that person, or from their legal representative, and the manuscript must state that it was obtained. Omit identifying details that are not essential to the scientific argument; masking the eye region of a photograph is not sufficient anonymisation. Do not submit the consent form itself unless the editorial office requests it.

24  Reporting of Sex and GenderReport the sex and, where relevant, the gender of participants, animals or cells, state how sex and gender were determined, and justify their exclusion where they were not considered. Where the study population is of a single sex, explain why. Use the terms sex and gender accurately and consistently: sex refers to biological attributes, gender to socially constructed roles and identities. Disaggregate results by sex or gender wherever the data allow it.

25  TablesAll tables must be uploaded as individual, editable files, such as Word or Excel, and must not be embedded within the main manuscript document. Number tables consecutively in order of citation (Table 1, Table 2) and give each a self-explanatory caption placed above the table. Supplementary tables are numbered separately with an S prefix (Table S1, Table S2).

26  FiguresFigures must be submitted as separate, individual files and must not be embedded within the main manuscript text.

• Minimum resolution 300 dpi; acceptable formats are TIFF, JPEG, PNG and EPS.
• Number consecutively in order of citation (Figure 1, Figure 2); supplementary figures take an S prefix (Figure S1).
• Each figure requires a legend, supplied either in the figure file or in a separate legends document, placed below the figure in the published article.
• All graphical elements, labels and annotations must remain legible when scaled; keep fonts consistent across figures.
• Where a figure reproduces previously published material, obtain and document permission before submission.

27  Supplementary InformationReference all supplementary material from the main text. Large datasets, video files and software code must be submitted in universally accessible formats with adequate documentation or usage notes. Supplementary files are hosted alongside the published article and cited in the Disclosure Statements under Supplementary Information. All supplementary content must comply with the journal’s data availability and reproducibility policies.

28  Language, Nomenclature and UnitsManuscripts are published in English. Authors are responsible for the linguistic quality of the submission; the journal does not provide language editing services.

• Italicise binomial species names in full at first mention and abbreviate the genus thereafter, for example Culex tritaeniorhynchus, then C. tritaeniorhynchus.
• Italicise gene names and journal titles in the reference list; keep protein names in roman.
• Define every abbreviation at first use in the main text, and again at first use in the abstract.
• Use SI units throughout, and report sequence accession numbers exactly as issued by the source database.
• Cite figures and tables as Figure 1 and Table 1, in full, rather than as Fig. 1.

These statements form the second-to-last numbered section of the published article, immediately before the References, and appear in the order listed below. Number the subsections with that section’s number — 6.1, 6.2 and so on in a research article, 10.1, 10.2 and so on in a review. Every statement is supplied by the authors except Handling Editor Information, which is completed by the editorial office.
A manuscript submitted without these statements will be returned before peer review.

29  Author ContributionFor multi-author articles, state each author’s contribution using their initials followed by a colon and a comma-separated list of roles. Roles should follow the CRediT (Contributor Roles Taxonomy) vocabulary, and discipline-specific descriptors may be added where CRediT has no equivalent term.Close the statement by identifying the corresponding author and their coordinating role. All authors must confirm that they have read and approved the final version. Authorship is restricted to contributors who meet all four ICMJE criteria set out in item 1 of these guidelines; everyone else belongs in the Acknowledgment.

30  Declaration of Generative AIArtificial intelligence tools cannot be listed as authors. They cannot take responsibility for the accuracy, integrity or originality of the work, and so cannot satisfy the authorship criteria. Authors remain fully accountable for every part of the manuscript, including any material produced with AI assistance, and for ensuring that AI-generated text and images do not infringe copyright or reproduce the work of others without attribution.

Disclose any use of generative AI or AI-assisted technology in both the cover letter and this statement, naming the tool, the purpose and the extent of its contribution. Where AI was used in the conduct of the research itself — in data collection, image processing, statistical analysis or model development — describe it in the Materials and Methods, with version numbers and parameters, rather than here.If no such tools were used, state that explicitly:

31  Ethics Approval (for clinical or animal studies)Name the institutional review board or ethics committee that approved the study, with the approval number and date.Purely computational studies must still carry this statement, worded to record why approval was not required:

32  Informed Consent StatementFor studies involving human participants, confirm that voluntary written consent was obtained in accordance with institutional and ethical guidelines.Where consent was waived, give the justification approved by the ethics committee. Where the study uses only public data, state so:For studies involving minors or vulnerable populations, confirm that consent was obtained from legal guardians or representatives.

33  Data Availability StatementState clearly how the data supporting the findings may be accessed. Where data are public, name the repository and give accession numbers or DOIs.

34  AcknowledgmentRecognise individuals, organisations or institutions that contributed to the work but do not meet the criteria for authorship, such as those providing technical assistance, administrative support, access to facilities or critical feedback. Funding bodies are acknowledged separately under the Funding Statement and must not be duplicated here.Where there is nothing to acknowledge, state “Not applicable”.

35  Funding StatementAcknowledge all sources of financial support, giving the full name of the funding organisation, the grant number where applicable and the recipient of each grant.Where the work was unfunded, state so and identify the resources used:

36  Conflicts of InterestDisclose any interest that could be perceived to influence the results or their interpretation, including financial relationships such as funding, employment, stock ownership or honoraria, and personal relationships, academic competition or intellectual commitments.

37  Corresponding Author Contact InformationName the corresponding author and give the contact email address as it is to be published.

38  Supplementary InformationWhere supplementary files accompany the article, state that they are available and leave the location to be completed by the editorial office, which inserts the permanent supplementary file link at proof stage.Where there are no supplementary files, state “Not applicable”.

39  Sustainable Development GoalsList the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals to which the work contributes, each by number and official title. Name only those the research genuinely addresses.Where none apply, state “Not applicable”. The Goals named have no bearing on the editorial decision.

40  ORCID InformationList every author in the published byline order, each with their registered ORCID iD. Submissions with a missing or unverified iD cannot proceed to production.

41  Handling Editor InformationThis statement is completed by the editorial office and names the editor who handled the manuscript, together with their affiliation and contact address. Authors do not supply it, but should leave the numbered heading in place so that the section sequence matches the published format.

42  In-Text CitationsCite sources in the text by author surname and year, with no comma between them, placed inside parentheses before the closing punctuation.Every in-text citation must correspond to an entry in the reference list, and every listed reference must be cited in the text. Unpublished data, personal communications and manuscripts under review must not appear in the reference list, but may be cited in the text with appropriate context and permission.

43  Reference List FormatList references alphabetically by the first author’s family name. Do not number the entries. Each entry follows this sequence:

• All author names as family name followed by initials without full stops, separated by commas — for example Adnyana IM, Utomo B, Eljatin DS.
• Year of publication in parentheses, followed by a comma.
• Full article title in sentence case, not in quotation marks, followed by a comma.
• Journal name in italics and abbreviated form, followed by a comma.
• Volume, issue in parentheses where available, and page range or article number.
• doi: followed by the DOI, then PMID: followed by the PubMed identifier where one exists.

A DOI is required for every reference where one exists, and a PMID for every reference indexed in PubMed. Authors are strongly encouraged to use reference management software such as EndNote, Reference Manager, Zotero or Mendeley to keep formatting consistent and prevent duplication. EndNote users should download the journal style file (Click Here) and are encouraged to submit the .enl and .xml files alongside the manuscript.

44  Review Model and ScreeningManuscripts submitted to the Journal of Medico Informatics are assessed under a single-blind review model, in which reviewer identities are withheld from the authors. Each manuscript sent for review is evaluated by a minimum of two independent reviewers.

Every submission is screened for textual similarity before it is sent for review. Similarity reports are screening aids: 15% overall similarity, excluding references and correctly attributed quotations, is the screening threshold. Editors assess the nature, source, extent and context of any overlap. A lower score does not establish originality, and a higher score leads to editorial assessment, not to a finding of misconduct on the percentage alone; manuscripts with unacceptable overlap are returned to the authors before peer review. A single source contributing a disproportionate share of that total may be queried even where the overall figure is within the limit. Reuse of your own previously published text counts towards the score in the same way as any other source, and must be quoted and cited.

Submissions are also screened for AI-generated content. The journal sets no fixed percentage limit here: what matters is that any use of generative AI is declared by the authors in the Declaration of Generative AI, and that the authors take full responsibility for the accuracy, originality and integrity of the resulting text. Undeclared use of AI, not the measured percentage itself, is treated as a breach of publication ethics and may lead to rejection or, after publication, to a correction or retraction.

The measured similarity level, the review model, the number of reviewers and the handling editor are printed on the first page of the published article, together with the dates on which the manuscript was received, revised, accepted and published online. The measured AI figure is an indication only, is used editorially and is not printed on the article.

45  Open Access, Copyright and LicensingThe Journal of Medico Informatics is a fully open access journal. All articles are published online under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) licence, which permits unrestricted use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided that appropriate credit is given to the original authors and source, a link to the licence is provided, and any changes are indicated.

Authors retain copyright in their work. By submitting, authors grant Aayvu Publications Private Limited a non-exclusive licence to publish and distribute the article under CC BY 4.0, and to deposit its metadata with indexing, archiving and discovery services. Authors are free to reuse, deposit and republish their own article without seeking permission, provided the original publication in this journal is cited. There is no embargo period, and no registration or payment is required of readers.

Authors are responsible for obtaining written permission to reproduce any third-party material that is not compatible with this licence, and for supplying that documentation at submission.

46  Editorial and Publishing PoliciesThe journal’s full editorial and publishing policies — covering article processing charges, digital archiving and preservation, corrections, retractions and expressions of concern, complaints and appeals, allegations of research misconduct, and conflicts of interest for editors and reviewers — are set out on the Journal Policy page. Authors are expected to read these before submitting. Where the Journal Policy and these guidelines differ on a point of policy, the Journal Policy takes precedence.

47  Standards FollowedThese guidelines follow the ICMJE Recommendations (updated January 2026) and the Principles of Transparency and Best Practice in Scholarly Publishing issued jointly by COPE, DOAJ, OASPA and WAME. Where a matter is not addressed here, refer to those documents. Reporting guidelines are followed as indexed by the EQUATOR Network.

48  DisclaimerViews, conclusions and data in published articles are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of Aayvu Publications Pvt. Ltd. or the editors. Authors bear full responsibility for the content they submit, including ethical approvals, permissions and conflict of interest disclosures. The full Disclaimer, Publisher’s Note and Language Policy are printed on the final page of every article.